Reducer

Reducer plays the role of matching speed and transmitting torque between prime mover and working machine or actuator. It is a relatively precise machine. The purpose of using it is to reduce the speed and increase the torque. It has a wide variety, different models and different uses. There are many kinds of reducers, which can be divided into gear speed reducers according to the transmission type. Worm reducer and planetary gear reducer; According to different transmission stages, it can be divided into single-stage and multi-stage reducers; According to the gear shape, it can be divided into cylindrical gear reducer, conical gear reducer and conical cylindrical gear reducer; According to the arrangement form of transmission, it can be divided into deployable reducer, shunt reducer and coaxial reducer.

1. Gear, shaft and bearing combination  

2. Box  

The box is an important component of the reducer. It is the base of transmission parts and should have sufficient strength and stiffness.   The box body is usually made of gray cast iron. For reducer with heavy load or impact load, cast steel box body can also be used. In order to simplify the process and reduce the cost, the reducer produced by single body can adopt the box body welded with steel plate.   Gray cast iron has good casting and vibration damping properties. In order to facilitate the installation and disassembly of shafting components, the box is made into a horizontal split type along the axis. The upper box cover and the lower box are connected into a whole by bolts. The connecting bolt of the bearing seat shall be as close as possible to the bearing seat hole, and the boss next to the bearing seat shall have sufficient bearing surface to place the connecting bolt and ensure the wrench space required when tightening the bolt. In order to ensure that the box has sufficient stiffness, support ribs are added near the bearing holes. In order to ensure the stability of the reducer placed on the foundation and minimize the machining area of the plane of the box base, the box base generally does not adopt a complete plane.  

3. Reducer accessories  

In order to ensure the normal operation of the reducer, in addition to paying enough attention to the structural design of the gear, shaft, bearing combination and box, the reasonable selection and design of auxiliary parts and components such as oil filling, oil drainage, inspection of oil level height for the lubricating oil pool of the reducer, precise positioning of box cover and box seat during processing, disassembly and maintenance, and hoisting shall also be considered.

1. Pressure rise in oil tank

In the closed reducer, each pair of gears will generate heat when they are meshed and rubbed. According to Boyle mallott's law, with the extension of operation time, the temperature in the reducer box will gradually increase, while the volume in the reducer box will remain unchanged, so the pressure in the box will increase, and the lubricating oil in the box will splash and sprinkle on the inner wall of the reducer box. Due to the strong permeability of oil, under the pressure in the box, where the seal is not tight, the oil will seep from.

2. Oil leakage caused by unreasonable structural design of reducer

If the designed reducer has no ventilation hood, the reducer cannot achieve pressure equalization, resulting in higher and higher pressure in the box and oil leakage.

3. Excessive refueling

During the operation of the reducer, the oil pool is stirred severely, and the lubricating oil splashes everywhere in the reducer. If the amount of oil is too much, a large amount of lubricating oil will accumulate in the shaft seal, joint surface, etc., resulting in leakage.

4. Improper maintenance process

During equipment maintenance, oil leakage will also be caused due to incomplete removal of dirt on the joint surface, improper selection of sealant, reverse installation of seals, untimely replacement of seals, etc.